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July 22, 2007: Sixteenth Sunday in Ordinary Time
July 20, 2007
 

 

 

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David
King of Israel
(2 Samuel 16 - 24)

 

Introduction
 

As David approaches Bahurim, a man named Shimei, the son of Gera of the same clan as Saul's family, is coming out of the place, cursing David as he comes. He throws stones at David and at all the king's officers.

Shimei curses David for the bloodshed in the family of Saul, calling him a murderer. Abishai, son of Zeruiah, becomes irritated that he asks the king’s permission to lop off Shimei’s head. But the king tells him and his men to let Shimei alone. And Shimei continues going abreast on the hillside with David, cursing and throwing dirt and stones at David.

 

When the king and all the soldiers with him arrive at the Jordan they stop there for a rest.
  Absalom's Enters Jerusalem
In the meantime Absalom, accompanied by Ahithophel, enters Jerusalem with all the Israelites. When David's friend Hushai the Archite comes to Absalom, he says to him as the king has planned and declares his loyalty to Absalom.

Then Absalom asks counsel from Ahithophel, who tells Absalom to have relations with the king’s concubines, whom he left behind to take care of the palace. Ahithophel continues that when all Israel hears how odious he has made himself to the king, all his partisans will take courage. So Absalom orders a tent pitched on the roof and he visits his father's concubines in view of all Israel.

Now the counsel given by Ahithophel at that time is as though one had sought divine revelation. Such are all his counsel both to David and to Absalom.

Ahithophel then says to Absalom to let him choose twelve thousand men, to pursue David that night. He tells Absalom that if he catches David he will panic and when everyone flees he will kill the king alone. He says that this way Absalom can bring back the rest of his people. And since it is the death of only one man he is seeking then all the people will be at peace.

Absalom and to all the elders of Israel agree, but he calls Hushai the Archite so they can hear what he has to say. When he comes, Absalom tells him what Ahithophel proposed and asks what he thinks of it.

David's Friends Evade Absalom
Hushai replies to Absalom that this time Ahithophel has not given good counsel. And he goes on to say that knowing that David and his men are fierce warriors he will not spend the night with the people. Hushai says that even now he lies hidden in one of the caves or in some other place. And if some of Absalom’s soldiers should fall at the first attack, whoever hears of it will say that Absalom's followers have been slaughtered. This will make even the brave man with the heart of a lion lose courage.

The Hushai advices Absalom to call up all Israel for combat; and go with them himself. Then he can attack David wherever he might be and no one will survive.

Absalom and all the Israelites all agree that the counsel of Hushai the Archite is better than that of Ahithophel, for the LORD has decided to undo Ahithophel's good counsel, in order thus to bring Absalom to ruin.

Then Hushai tells the priests Zadok and Abiathar the counsel that Ahithophel and then his counsel to Absalom the elders of Israel. He tells them to send a warning immediately to David otherwise the king and all the people with him will be destroyed.

Now Jonathan and Ahimaaz are staying at En-rogel, since they cannot not risk being seen entering the city. They had arrange for a maidservant to come with information for them, and they in turn are to go and report to King David. However, an attendant sees them and informs Absalom.

This forces Jonathan and Ahimaaz to escape until they reach the house of a man in Bahurim who has a cistern in his courtyard. They go down the cistern to hide and the housewife takes the cover and spreads it over the cistern, spreading ground grain on the cover so that nothing could be noticed.

When Absalom's servants come to the woman at the house she tells them that Ahimaaz and Jonathan had left a short

  while ago toward the water. They search, but find no one, and so return to Jerusalem.

As soon as they leave, Ahimaaz and Jonathan come up out of the cistern and proceed to inform King David about the plan to attack them. So immediately David and all his people cross the Jordan and they all do so by daybreak.

When Ahithophel sees that his counsel is not followed, he saddles his ass and departs, going to his home in his own city. Then, after leaving orders concerning his family, he hangs himself. They bury him in his father's tomb.

After David leaves for Mahanaim Absalom crosses the Jordan accompanied by all the Israelites. Absalom had put Amasa in command of the army in Joab's place. Amasa is the son of an Ishmaelite named Ithra, who married Abigail, daughter of Jesse and sister of Joab's mother Zeruiah. Israel and Absalom set up camp in the territory of Gilead.

The death of Absalom
When David arrives at Mahanaim, those who are still loyal to him in the city bring to them provisions and food, and rest. Afterwards, David divides his army into three groups. He places Joab in command of one, Abishai, the brother of Joab in command of the second and the third under the command of Ittai, the Gittite. The king tells his men that he prefers to go out and fight the battle with them.

But his generals convince him to stay back in the city, so he does and stays the gates when they march to battle. Then within hearing of the whole army, David commands Abishai and Ittai to be gentle with young Absalom for his sake.

   
 
David's army then takes the field against Israel, and fights a battle in the forest near Mahanaim. The forces of Israel are defeated by David's servants, and the casualties there that day are heavy. The battle spreads out over that entire region, and the thickets consume more combatants that day than do the sword.

Absalom, riding a mule, unexpectedly comes up against David's servants. And as the mule passes under the branches of a large terebinth, his hair gets caught fast in the tree, leaving him hanging alive while the mule runs off.

Someone sees this and reports to Joab. However, Joab rebukes the informant for not killing Absalom on the spot for the reward of fifty pieces of silver and a belt. But the man replies that he had heard the king command Joab, Abishai and Ittai to spare Absalom for he is his son.
   
  Nevertheless Joab grabs three spikes and drives them into Absalom’s heart. Next, ten of Joab's young armor-bearers close in on Absalom, and kill him with further blows. Joab then sounds the horn to order the soldiers to turn back from the pursuit of the Israelites.

Then they throw Absalom into a deep pit in the forest, and erect a very large mound of stones over him. And all the Israelites flee to their own tents.

Then Joab orders a Cushite to run to the king to report on what had happened. When the Cushite left, Ahimaaz begs Joab to allow him to run to the king, too. Joab allows him and Ahimaaz out-runs the Cushite and passes him.

Ahimaaz arrives first at the gate of the city where the king is waiting. When the king asks whether Absalom is safe, Ahimaaz tells the king that there was a great disturbance when the Joab sent him on, but he does not know what it was.

King David Mourns for Absalom

When the Cushite arrives at the gate with the king and Ahimaaz are waiting, he tells the king that this day the LORD has freed the king from the grasp of all who rebelled against him. He then proceeds to tell him what happened to Absalom.

The news shakes the king turning the victory into mourning for the whole army when they hear that the king is grieving for his son. The soldiers stealthily return to the city that day like men shamed by flight in battle.

Then Joab goes to king and rebukes him shaming his army after saving the king from death. Then Joab tells the king to go out and speak kindly to his servants. Joab swears that if the king does not, not a single man will remain with the king overnight, which will be a far greater disaster for the king than any that has afflicted him from his youth until now. So the king steps out and sits at

the gate and all the people come.

But the now that the Israelites fled to their separate tents, the tribes of Israel argue among themselves what to do now that Absalom is dead, and whether they should restore the king to his palace.

David Returns to Jerusalem
When David hears this he instructs the priests Zadok and Abiathar to ask the elders of Judah why they should they be last to restore the king to his palace. He also offers Amasa to become his general permanently in place of Joab.

Thus he wins over all the Judahites as one man, and so they summon the king to return, with all his servants. When the king, on his return, reaches the Jordan, Judah arrives at Gilgal to meet him and to escort him across the Jordan.

Shimei, who threw stones and dirt to David when he fled Jerusalem hurries down with the Judahites to meet King David, accompanied by a thousand men from Benjamin. Ziba, too, the servant of the house of Saul, accompanied by his fifteen sons and twenty servants, hastens to the Jordan before the king. Then they help to bring the king's household over across the ford and to do whatever he wished.

When Shimei crosses the Jordan, he falls down before the king and begs forgiveness for what he had done. But Abishai argues that Shimei must be put to death for cursing the LORD'S anointed. But David replies that no one shall die in Israel that day, sparing Shimei.

Meribaal, son of Saul, also comes down to meet the king. He had not washed his feet nor trimmed his mustache nor washed his clothes since the day the king left Jerusalem until he returned safely. When the king asks him Meribaal says that his servant Ziba

betrayed and slandered him before the king. Afterwards the king tells Ziba and Meribaal to divide the property but Meribaal tells the king that Ziba can have the property all to himself now that the king has returned safely to his palace.

Barzillai the Gileadite also comes down from Rogelim and escorts the king to the Jordan for his crossing, taking leave of him there. It was Barzillai, a very old man of eighty and very wealthy, who had provisioned the king during his stay in Mahanaim. Thus the king invites Barzillai to come and cross over the Jordan with him and he will provide for his old age as the king’s guest in Jerusalem.

But Barzillai begs off wishing not to burden the king in his old age and offers up his servant Chimham instead. The king consents and takes Chimham with him, promising Barzillai that he will take care of Chimham. Then the king bids Barzillai Godspeed as he returns to his own district.

But now all these Israelites begin complaining to the king and asking why their brothers the Judahites are stealing the king away and escorting the king and his household across the Jordan, along with all David's men. All the Judahites reply to the men of Israel that the king is their relative, and besides, there is no reason to be angry since the king did not feed them.

The leads to fierce argument between Israel and Judah, that when one rebellious man from Benjamin named Sheba instigated for Israel to leave David, they all do. But from the Jordan to Jerusalem the Judahites remain loyal to their king.

When King David arrives at his palace in Jerusalem, he takes the ten concubines whom he had left behind to take care of the palace and places them in confinement, where they remain until their death.

Joab Murders Amasa
The king also instructs Amasa to summon the Judahites for the king within three days and then come back. But Amasa is delayed beyond the time the king specified so he sends Abishai to pursue Sheba lest he finds fortified cities and takes shelter there.

So Joab and the Cherethites and Pelethites and all the warriors march out behind Abishai from Jerusalem in pursuit

of Sheba. Along the way at the great stone in Gibeon they meet Amasa. Joab then grabs Amasa’s beard as if to kiss him in greeting and then stabs him with the sword hidden under his tunic. Amasa dies instantly.

They move the body of Amasa to the field by the road and proceed to pursue Sheba. Meanwhile Sheba passes through all the tribes of Israel to Abel Beth-maacah, where all the Bichrites assemble and enter the city with him.

So David’s servants attack the city and they begin battering the walls to take it down. At that time a wise woman from the city comes out to speak to Joab. Then she asks him why he is beating down a city that is a mother in Israel, why he wishes to destroy the inheritance of the LORD. Joab explains that he is after the man Sheba who is hiding in their city, and not to destroy it.

The woman then promises to throw the head of Sheba to him across the wall. Then she goes back into the city where the inhabitants take her advice and cut off the head of Sheba. Then they throw the head of Sheba across the wall to Joab.

Joab and his men return to Jerusalem.

Avenging the Gibeonites
During David's reign there comes a famine for three successive years. David knows this is because there is bloodguilt on Saul and his family because he put the Gibeonites to death. The Gibeonites are not Israelites, but survivors of the Amorites. And although the Israelites had given them their oath, Saul had attempted to kill them off in his zeal for the men of Israel and Judah.

So the king called the Gibeonites and asked them what he can do to make atonement and he will do whatever they propose. The Gibeonites answer that they have no claim against Saul and his house for silver or gold, but they demand that seven of the descendents of Saul man who wanted to exterminate and destroy them be given to them so that they may dismember them before the LORD in Gibeon, on the LORD'S mountain.

So David rounds up seven of Saul’s descendants but he spared Meribbaal, son of Jonathan, son of Saul, because of the LORD'S oath between David and Jonathan. They are killed and dismembered before the LORD by the Gibeonites during the beginning of the barley harvest.

Then Rizpah, one of the mothers of those who were killed, goes to where the bodies of the descendants of Saul are spread out to fend off the birds of the sky from settling on them by day, and the wild animals by night.
When David hears what Rizpah had done he gathers up the bones of Saul and those who had been dismembered and buries them in the tomb of his father Kish at Zela in the territory of Benjamin. After this God grants relief to the land.

New battles Between King David and the Philistines

Then there follow battles between the Philistines and giant men of Gath and David where he fights with his army. In all these David vanquishes them.

Then David sings song of praise to the LORD. In this song David retells the perils he was in, how the LORD intervened in his behalf, and acknowledges God’s justice. Then the song praises God for preparing David for war and rescuing him from the grasp of all his enemies and from the hands of Saul.

Then David recounts the stories of the brave men who fought for the LORD, in all numbering thirty seven, of whom there were three exceptional warriors.

The first of whom that David sings about is Ishabaal who brandished his battle-ax over eight hundred

slain in a single encounter. Then there is Eleazar who was with David at Ephes-dammim when the Philistines assembled there for battle. The Israelites had retreated, but he stood his ground and fought the Philistines until his hand grew tired and became cramped, holding fast to the sword. The LORD brought about a great victory on that day; the soldiers turned back after Eleazar, but only to strip the slain.
Then David retells the story of Shammah. The Philistines had assembled at Lehi, where there was a plot of land full of lentils. When the soldiers fled from the Philistines, he took his stand in the middle of the plot and defended it. He slew the Philistines, and the LORD brought about a great victory.

Then David sings of the three of the Thirty who went to the cistern by the gate of Bethlehem just to satisfy his craving for its water. After the three risked their lives to break through the Philistine camp, David refused to drink the water because the LORD forbade him.

Then he sings of Joab, the brother of Abishai who was the leader of the Thirty. It was he who brandished his spear over three hundred slain. However, he does not rise to the level of the Three.

   
The LORD'S anger against Israel flares again, and he incites David against the Israelites by prompting him to number Israel and Judah. Accordingly the king orders Joab and the leaders of the army who are with him to go through all the tribes in Israel and register them. Joab at first questions the king’s order but eventually the king overrules him. Then he and his officers go through all the tribes of Israel and count them, completing the task in nine months and ninety days.

Then Joab reports to the king the number of people registered, however, afterwards David regrets having numbered the people, and asks forgiveness from the LORD.

Then the LORD speaks to the prophet of Gad to tell David to choose from three punishments that He will inflict it on David. The prophet of Gad tells David to choose from three years' famine to come upon his land, or to flee from his enemy three months while he pursues him, or to have a three days' pestilence in his land.

David answers that he does not want to fall by the hand of man, so he chooses the pestilence. However, the plague broke out among the people at the time of the wheat harvest for the appointed time and seventy thousand of the people from Dan to Beer-sheba die.

However, when the angel stretches forth his hand toward Jerusalem to destroy it, the LORD regrets the calamity and orders the angel, then standing at the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite, causing the destruction among the people to stay his hand.

When David sees the angel who is striking the people, he says to the LORD to strike him and his kindred, instead and spare his people since it was him who sinned and not them.

On the same day the prophet of Gad goes to David and tells him to go up and build an altar to the LORD on the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite. David follows Gad’s bidding and
does the LORD ordered.

When Araunah sees the king and his servants coming toward him while he was threshing wheat, he goes to meet them and pays homage to the king, with face to the ground. Then Araunah asks why the king has come. David replies he wants to buy the threshing floor from him, to build an altar to the LORD, that the plague may be checked among the people.

But Araunah says to David to take whatever he needs as an offering to the king. The king, however, insists to pay for it, for he cannot offer to the LORD holocausts that cost nothing. So David buys the threshing floor and the oxen for fifty silver shekels.

Then David builds an altar there to the LORD, and offers holocausts and peace offerings. The LORD grants relief to the country, and the plague stops.

   
 
For further reading on the heroes of the Old Testament:
I & II Samuel: A Commentary (Old Testament Library)
First sentence in the book:
""THE BOOKS OF SAMUEL contain that part of the history of Israel which describes the foundation of the State, running from the close of the period of the Judges to the establishment of the united kingdom."

 

   
 

The Sunday Readings

July 22, 2007: Sixteenth Sunday in Ordinary Time
 

First Reading From the Book of Genesis:
Gn 18:1-10a
  The LORD appeared to Abraham by the terebinth of Mamre, as he sat in the entrance of his tent, while the day was growing hot. Looking up, Abraham saw three men standing nearby.
When he saw them, he ran from the entrance of the tent to greet them; and bowing to the ground, he said:
“Sir, if I may ask you this favor, please do not go on past your servant. Let some water be brought, that you may bathe your feet, and then rest yourselves under the tree. Now that you have come this close to your servant, let me bring you a little food, that you may refresh yourselves; and afterward you may go on your way.”

The men replied, “Very well, do as you have said.”

Abraham hastened into the tent and told Sarah,
“Quick, three measures of fine flour! Knead it and make rolls.”

He ran to the herd, picked out a tender, choice steer, and gave it to a servant, who quickly prepared it. Then Abraham got some curds and milk, as well as the steer that had been prepared, and set these before the three men; and he waited on them under the tree while they ate.

They asked Abraham, “Where is your wife Sarah?”

He replied, “There in the tent.”

One of them said, “I will surely return to you about this time next year, and Sarah will then have a son.”

 
Responsorial From the Book of Psalms:
Ps 15:2-3, 3-4, 5

R. He who does justice will live in the presence of the Lord.

One who walks blamelessly and does justice;
who thinks the truth in his heart
and slanders not with his tongue.
R. He who does justice will live in the presence of the Lord.

Who harms not his fellow man,
nor takes up a reproach against his neighbor;
by whom the reprobate is despised,
while he honors those who fear the LORD.
R. He who does justice will live in the presence of the Lord.

Who lends not his money at usury
and accepts no bribe against the innocent.
One who does these things
shall never be disturbed.
R. He who does justice will live in the presence of the Lord.

 
Second Reading from the Letter to the Colossians
Col 1:24-28
  Brothers and sisters:
Now I rejoice in my sufferings for your sake, and in my flesh I am filling up what is lacking in the afflictions of Christ on behalf of his body, which is the church, of which I am a minister
in accordance with God’s stewardship given to me to bring to completion for you the word of God, the mystery hidden from ages and from generations past.

But now it has been manifested to his holy ones, to whom God chose to make known the riches of the glory of this mystery among the Gentiles; it is Christ in you, the hope for glory.

It is he whom we proclaim, admonishing everyone and teaching everyone with all wisdom, that we may present everyone perfect in Christ.

   
 
Reading From the Gospel of Luke:
Lk 10:38-42
  Jesus entered a village where a woman whose name was Martha welcomed him. She had a sister named Mary who sat beside the Lord at his feet listening to him speak.

Martha, burdened with much serving, came to him and said,
“Lord, do you not care that my sister has left me by myself to do the serving? Tell her to help me.”

The Lord said to her in reply,
“Martha, Martha, you are anxious and worried about many things. There is need of only one thing. Mary has chosen the better part and it will not be taken from her.”

   
 
 

References

I & II Samuel: A Commentary (Old Testament Library)
First sentence in the book:
""THE BOOKS OF SAMUEL contain that part of the history of Israel which describes the foundation of the State, running from the close of the period of the Judges to the establishment of the united kingdom."
Read more about the Liturgical Year
 

The Origins of the Liturgical Year (Pueblo Books) by Thomas J. Talley (Author) The Rev. Dr. Thomas J. Talley, Professor of Liturgics at the General Theological Seminary in New York, is one of the leading liturgists in the country. He gives us a fresh examination of the complex history of the Liturgical Year.
   
The Cultural World of Jesus: Sunday by Sunday, Cycle C. (Bestseller! the Cultural World of Jesus: Sunday by Sunday) by John J. Pilch (Author)
Reader Review: The book by Pilch provides those who not only fill the pulpits across this country but also all interested in the cultural world in which Jesus lived with a lot of pertinent information that sheds light on a lot of areas that have been "muddled" in the past. Yes, I highly recommend this book. - James Mauldin
   

Learn more and read the Old Testament.

Preaching from the Old Testament by Elizabeth Achtemeier (Author) Reader Review: The author of these thirty-two short chapters begins and ends with the assumption that problems we experience with the Old Testament are our problem, not the Bible's. This subordinating of the Bible reader to the well-weathered book he holds in his hand opens doors, not to forced harmonisations of problematic passages, but to fresh reappraisal of difficult texts on their own terms. - David A. Baer
   
The Navarre Bible: Pentateuch (The Navarre Bible: Old Testament) This volume helps you make the first five books of the Old Testament a vital part of your spiritual reading and practical growth in the Christian life. It contains the full English and Latin texts of these books, along with extensive and faithfully Catholic commentaries. Like other volumes in the world-renowned Navarre Bible series, these commentaries draw on Church documents, the exegesis of Fathers and

Doctors of the Church, and the works of contemporary spiritual writers — particularly St. Josemaría Escrivá, who initiated the Navarre Bible project.

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  Comments and Suggestions are Most Welcome.

If you have any comments or contributions, please use the form in this link.

   
 

   
 

Omega-3

 

What We Need to Know

  (From my doctor's pamphlet)
   
  What are Omega-3 Fats?
Consider omega-3 fats one of the good, or healthy, fats. Omega-3 fats are found in two sizes and types. The long omega-3 fats are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are found mostly in oily fish.

The short omega-3 fats are alphalinolenic acid (LNA) and are found mostly in plant-based foods, such as soy products, canola oil and flaxseeds. The plant-based sources of omega-3 fats don’t have as much impact on heart health as the ones in oily fish, but are still worth eating.

How Do Omega-3 Fats Keep Our Heart Healthy?
Experts don’t completely know how omega-3 fats work. However, the American Heart Association (AHA) believes that there is now enough research to recommend that some people who have heart disease and others who are at risk for heart disease get more omega-3 fats.

How Much Omega-3 Fat Should I Get?
The amount of omega-3 fats you should get depends on your age, situation in life (extra caution should be taken with children and women who are pregnant and breast feeding because of the possible extra mercury they may get from eating more fish) and your risk for or presence of heart

Common Sources of Omega-3 (oily fish)

 
  • Salmon in all its forms: fresh, smoked, pickled and canned (cooked wild Atlantic = 1,850 mg)
  • Mackerel (Atlantic, cooked = 1,100 mg)
  • Lake trout
  • Albacore tuna (white canned in water = 730 mg)
  • Herring (pickled = 414 mg)
  • Anchovies
  Benefits of Omega-3
 
  • Decrease the incidence of an irregular heart beat, which can lead to sudden death from a heart attack or stroke.
  • Prevent blood clots from forming and prevent these blood clots from sticking to artery walls. This helps prevent heart attack and stroke.
  • Decrease triglyceride levels in people whose levels are elevated.
  • Reduce buildup of plaque on artery walls, which slows down the narrowing of the heart’s arteries.
  • improve health of arteries
  • lower blood pressure slightly
 
 

   
 

Recipes

   
 
Israeli Cheese with Green Olives
SERVES FOUR

Ingredients
6 - 7 oz soft white (farmer’s) cheese
2 1/2 oz feta cheese, preferably sheep’s milk, lightly crumbled
20—30 pitted green olives, some chopped, the rest halved or quartered
2—3 large pinches of fresh thyme, plus extra to garnish

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Fettuccine Alfredo

SERVES FOUR

Ingredients
1/4 cup butter
1 cup heavy cream
2/3 cup freshly grated Parmesan cheese, plus extra to serve
12 oz fresh fettuccine (any long ribbon-like pasta)
 

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Baked Custard with Burnt Sugar (or Crème Brolée)

SERVES SIX

Ingredients
4 cups double (heavy) cream
6 egg yolks
1/2 cup vanilla sugar
1/3 cup soft light brown sugar

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You can buy vanilla sugar or make your own by placing a split vanilla pod (bean) in a jar of caster(superfine) sugar—the sugar will be ready to use after a couple of days.

Make the custard a day before you wish to eat them and chill overnight, so that they are really cold and firm.